Christensen's explanation of why successful companies fail by rationally ignoring disruptive innovations has become the default framework for understanding technology disruption. Eric Ries built The Lean Startup directly on Christensen's disruption theory, and the concept has been applied to everything from AI adoption to startup strategy - Ajay Agrawal and colleagues use it to predict which industries cheap AI prediction will upend.
The book has also generated productive pushback: Safi Bahcall distinguishes his 'loonshots' framework from disruption theory, Hamilton Helmer contrasts it with his Counter-Positioning concept, and Ali Tamaseb's data on unicorn founders finds more direct market competition than the disruption frame predicts. Despite these refinements, the core insight - that incumbents can do everything right and still lose - remains one of the most cited ideas in business strategy.